Mental Health Technician Certification (AMCA) Practice Test

What is the most likely diagnosis for a client who experiences rapid mood swings from severe depression to feelings of great joy?

1. Major Depressive Disorder

2. Bipolar Disorder

3. Borderline Personality Disorder

4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The correct answer is: Bipolar Disorder

The most likely diagnosis for a client who experiences rapid mood swings from severe depression to feelings of great joy is Bipolar Disorder. This condition is characterized by significant mood fluctuations, where individuals experience episodes of both mania (or hypomania) and depression. The intense and distinct mood changes, particularly the alternating phases of severe depressive episodes and episodes of elevated mood, align perfectly with the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. In bipolar disorder, these mood swings can happen over days, weeks, or even years, but the key feature is the presence of periods of depression alongside periods of elevated or euphoric mood. This is distinct from other conditions, where mood changes may not be as pronounced or do not include both ends of the emotional spectrum. Major Depressive Disorder typically involves persistent low mood without the alternating high moods, while Borderline Personality Disorder can involve emotional instability, but the mood swings are often more related to interpersonal issues and self-image rather than distinct episodes. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized primarily by chronic anxiety and worry, without the significant mood contrasts seen in bipolar disorder.